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Subject Area

Internal Medicine

Article Type

Original Study

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate thyroid disease as a risk of type two diabetes.

Background:

Thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus are closely linked. Thyroid diseases affect the secretion, action, and metabolism of insulin so induce insulin resistance and lead to diabetes.

Methods: This cohort study involved 120 Egyptian patients divided into 49 patients with hypothyroidism, 37 patients with hyperthyroidism, and 34 subjects in the control group and we noticed their effects on insulin metabolism. Glycated hemoglobin A1c; Homeostatatic Model of Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), thyroid antibodies were measured from plasma samples using an enzyme –linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and other laboratory methods.

Results: Type 2 diabetes risk was increased in thyroid disease patients, especially in the duration of half year to one year after complaining of thyroid dysfunctions. Mean of HbA1c was increased significantly in thyroid dysfunction groups than in the control group, correlation of hyperthyroidism to HbA1c was 6.20 (p value= 0.004) and correlation of hypothyroidism to HbA1c was 6.50 (p value= 0.004). HBA1c level was increased in hyperthyroid patients by 0.76 and in hypothyroid patients by 1.05 compared to normal (p value< 0.05).

Conclusion: For better treatment and early diagnosis of diabetes, blood glucose tests should be done in patients with thyroid dysfunction after the prime diagnosis of thyroid disease.

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