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Subject Area

Tropical Medicine

Article Type

Original Study

Abstract

Objectives Assessment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) and study the etiology, risk factors, and outcomes of UGIB in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-infected Egyptian patients. Background It has become evident that the COVID-19 results in systemic complications, including the gastrointestinal system. Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 may be at risk of UGIB. Patients and methods From July 2021 to July 2022, this case–control study was applied to 400 COVID-19-infected Egyptian patients who were classified into two groups according to the development of UGIB: group I (200 patients): COVID-19-infected patients with UGIB classified according to Blatchford score to group-IA: mild (60 patients), group-IB: severe (140 patients) and group II 200 patients: COVID-19-infected patients without UGIB. Results There was a statistically significant difference between the studied groups regarding the use of anticoagulant (P=0.004) and NSAIDs use (P=0.011). For patients’ complications and outcomes, there was a highly statistically significant difference between the studied groups regarding the need for oxygen therapy, ICU admission, the status of patients on discharge, and the cause of death (P=0.05). Regarding endoscopic findings, there was a highly statistically significant difference between the studied groups regarding varices, peptic ulcer disease, and portal hypertensive gastropathy (P=0.00008). Conclusion The frequency of UGIB increased significantly in COVID-19 patients. Patients with COVID-19 when developing UGIB had increased length of hospital stay, more complications, and higher mortality than non-UGIB.

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