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Subject Area

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Article Type

Original Study

Abstract

Objectives

To assess the prevalence and risk factors of maternal mortality in Menoufia Governorate, Egypt.

Background

The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is defined as the number of maternal deaths during a given time per 100 000 live births during the same time period.

Patients and methods

This retrospective descriptive study was conducted on maternal mortality cases in all Menoufia Governorate hospitals (Menoufia University Hospital, Shebin Elkom Teaching Hospital, Menouf General Hospital, Ashmoun General Hospital, Bagour General Hospital, Berket El Sabaa Central Hospital, Tala Central Hospital, Elshohada Central Hospital, Quesna Central Hospital, and Elsadat General Hospital). We calculated the maternal mortality rate per 100 000 live births over a 5-year study period starting from 2015 to 2019. Full demographic data, obstetric data, risk factors, causes of death, and complications were collected from patients’ files from the hospitals included in this study.

Results

The main etiology of maternal mortality among the studied groups was postpartum hemorrhage (37.1%) followed by preeclampsia (15.1%). The most common specific cause of death was hypovolemic shock and cardiac arrest (45.2%), followed by cardiopulmonary arrest (30.6%). Also, 89.2% of maternal mortality due to direct obstetric cause and 10.8% due to indirect maternal cause. The total number of maternal mortality cases in the 5 years was 186 cases, with total live births being 524 121 live births and the total MMR was 35.48.

Conclusion

The total number of maternal mortality cases in the 5 years was 186 cases, with total live births being 524 121 live births and the total MMR being 35.48. The most common causes were postpartum hemorrhage, hypertensive disorder, and sepsis. However, the most risk factors included anemia, diabetes mellitus, cesarean section, and placenta previa. So, good antenatal care such as good nutrition, efficient, early detection of risk factors, availability of blood banks, and early transfer of high-risk patients, all previous preventive measures will decrease the risk of maternal mortality.

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