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Subject Area

Pediatrics

Article Type

Original Study

Abstract

Objective Clinical assessment and follow-up in school-aged diabetic children. Background Diabetes mellitus requires continuous medical care, patient self-management, education, and support to prevent acute complications and to reduce long-term complications. Patients and methods This descriptive study was conducted on 110 diabetic Egyptian children. All patients were subjected to detailed history taking, complete general examination including anthropometric measurements and laboratory investigations including estimation of fasting blood glucose level (mg/dl), postprandial blood glucose level (mg/dl), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c%), lipid profile (cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride), microalbumin in urine, and thyroid function (thyroid-stimulating hormone and FT4). Results The mean age of the studied children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was 12.35 ± 3.19, with female predominance (55.5%), positive consanguinity (25%), variable complications of diabetes among the studied children with 25.4% suffering from nephropathy, 18.1% with dyslipidemia, and obesity, with recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis and poor control in 17.2%, short stature in 16.3%, and finally hypothyroidism in 4.5% in patients under study. Cases with complications are with high HbA1c. Conclusion The mean age of studied children was 12.35 + 3.19 with female predominance (55.5%) and with positive family history of T1DM (5.5%) only. The main presentation was diabetic ketoacidosis (74%). Chronic complications of T1DM encountered in our study were nephropathy (25.4%), dyslipidemia (18.1%), hypothyroidism (4.5%), short stature (16.3%), and obesity (18.1%). The risk of these complications increased with poor metabolic control (high HbA1c) regardless of the duration of illness.

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