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Subject Area

Internal Medicine

Article Type

Original Study

Abstract

Objectives To estimate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among obese patients. Background Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and type-II diabetes, which together predispose the development of CKD among people. Patients and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 obese patients, with BMI more than 30 kg/m2, aged 18–65 years. All patients were recruited from six governmental hospitals. Patients included in this study were subjected to a questionnaire containing medical history, CKD-related questions, and familial history of kidney disease. Clinical examination, including general examination, anthropometric measurements, and local abdominal examination, was done. Serum urea; serum creatinine; urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio; urinalysis; serum albumin; serum calcium, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus; uric acid; and abdominal ultrasound were done. Results Most non-CKD and CKD cases were obese (86.9 and 65.1%, respectively), whereas being overweight was the lowest presented in non-CKD and CKD cases, with 5.8 and 9.5%, respectively. However, 10.9 and 22.2% of non-CKD and CKD cases, respectively, had diabetic nephropathy. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was found between estimated glomerular filtration ratio (eGFR) and age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin, glycated hemoglobin, cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine, albumin, albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and uric acid (P < 0.001). Binary logistic regression showed that age, BMI, systolic blood pressure, diabetic nephropathy, and glycated hemoglobin were the most significant risk factors for CKDs (P < 0.05), with odds ratio of 1.007 (P = 0.034), 1.007 (P = 0.016), 0.975 (P = 0.023), 0.213 (P = 0.020), and 2.267 (P = 0.012), respectively. Moreover, linear regression for predictors of eGFR indicated that the regression model statistically significantly predicted the eGFR, with odds ratio of 0.580, 95% confidence interval, −0.229 to 0.089, t = 5.028, P value less than 0.001. Conclusion Obesity is a potent risk factor for the development of CKD. Diabetes in association with obesity accelerates the occurrence of CKD. All overweight and obese individuals should be periodically screened for renal function abnormalities. Preventing and managing obesity should start early enough to halt, if not prevent, the development and progression of CKD.

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