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Subject Area

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Article Type

Original Study

Abstract

Objectives To evaluate the relationship between maternal serum vitamin D level and severity of preeclampsia. Background Pregnant women with preeclampsia are susceptible to pulmonary edema, coagulation defects, and renal failure. Vitamin D is thought to play a significant role in preeclampsia as an immune modulator. It may help in producing an appropriate maternal immune response to the placenta preventing the release of antiangiogenic factors into the bloodstream and modulating hypertension. Patients and methods A case–control study was conducted at Department of the Obstetrics and Gynecology, Menoufia General Hospital and Menoufia University Hospital from June 2019 till October 2020. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University. This study included 100 pregnant nulliparae divided into two groups: group A included 50 pregnant women with preeclampsia either mild or severe; their blood samples were drawn at the time of delivery to check maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Group B included 50 women with normal pregnancy; their blood samples were drawn at the time of delivery to check maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Full history taking, general examination, vital signs, obstetrical examination, ultrasonography, lab investigations, and maternal serum vitamin D level were done for all studied women. Results Vitamin D level was significantly decreased among the preeclampsia group (10.40–31.00 ng/ml) than the control group (15.50–32.00 ng/ml). There were significant positive correlations between vitamin D deficiency level with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.420) and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.492). Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency has a significant role in the development of preeclampsia. Larger studies including a large sample size are needed to confirm our results about vitamin D deficiency and its relation to preeclampsia.

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