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Subject Area

Internal Medicine

Article Type

Original Study

Abstract

Background Since the announcement of the COVID-19 catastrophic release in 2019, several studies had been conducted to investigate all the circumstances accompanied by or that have resulted from this viral infection. Objective The aim was to investigate the most common comorbidities and associated clinical risk factors among COVID-19 hospitalized patients admitted to Sohag Fever Hospital, Sohag Governorate, Egypt. Patients and methods In this study, 250 patients of those registered or admitted to Sohag Fever Hospital, Sohag Governorate, Egypt, were included during the pandemic COVID-19 period between October 2020 and February 2021. A total of 150 patients had positive PCR finding for COVID-19 and another 100 patients acted as a control group, which included medically free individuals with negative PCR finding for COVID-19. The clinical data included the blood pressure, PCR, and chest computed tomography, as well as associated comorbidities. The levels of random blood sugar and liver and kidney function test results were reported. The data were statistically analyzed. Results Male patients represented 70.4% of the study population, and females represented 29.6%. The sex type significantly influenced the PCR results, with P value less than 0.05. Patients in the older age groups (>51 years, 86.7%) had positive PCR and CO-RADS 5 results, despite not showing any significant effect. Overall, 53.2% of the diabetic patients resulted in positive PCR finding for COVID-19 (P = 0.0). Three major symptoms were persistent cough (42%), fever (50.8%), and dyspnea (51.2%), which had a significant relationship with patients with either positive PCR or CO-RADS 5 (P < 0.001), unlike the other comorbidities. Hypertension, higher serum creatinine, and blood sugar levels were significant among patients with positive PCR finding and those with severe CO-RADS five grades. Sex type, diabetes mellitus, and alanine transaminase were significantly incorporated in the estimated elevation of PCR-positive COVID-19 infection, despite only diabetes mellitus showing a significant estimation of the severe infection among the study population. Conclusion The study revealed the COVID-19 was significantly more prevalent among males and older patients (>50 years old) in the Sohag Fever Hospital, Sohag Governorate, Egypt. The symptoms of cough, fever, and dyspnea are specific to COVID-19 infection in the study population. Blood pressure, blood sugar, and serum creatinine are suggested to be clinical indicators for severe COVID-19 infections. Multiple different studies should be conducted to employ other different clinical factors in the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection.

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