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Subject Area

Anesthesiology and Intensive Care

Article Type

Original Study

Abstract

Objectives To study the epidemiology of nephrotic syndrome in pediatric patients. Background Nephrotic syndrome is a common renal problem in pediatrics, with great variation in patients' characteristics in different regions of the world. The aim of this study was to define these characteristics in Egyptian children with nephrotic syndrome. Patients and methods This study is an observational cross-sectional study in which records of 170 patients with nephrotic syndrome were reviewed. Demographic, clinical, and histopathological data and response to therapy were statistically analyzed. Results The mean age of onset was 4.66 ± 2.64 years. Overall, 23.5% of patients were steroid resistant, and 76.5% showed initial steroid response; 50 (29.4%) of the latter were steroid dependent. A total of 58 (34.1%) patients underwent a renal biopsy with minimal change nephrotic syndrome occurring in 69%, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in 13.8%, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in 17.2%. Overall, 1.8% of cases developed chronic renal insufficiency. Complete remission on cyclosporine occurred in 90% of steroid-resistant patients with nephrotic syndrome. Complete remission on mycophenolate mofetil occurred in 40% of steroid-dependent patients. Conclusion Minimal change nephrotic syndrome was the main pathology found in our patients. Response to immunosuppressive was different from other studies, probably owing to differences in the priority of selection for immunosuppressive therapy in our unit.

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