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Subject Area

Internal Medicine

Article Type

Original Study

Abstract

Objective To study and evaluate the dermatological signs found in patients with Down syndrome (DS). Background The dermatological signs found in patients with DS have been less clear and infrequently studied and must be completely elucidated. Patients and methods This cross-sectional study included 50 patients with DS confirmed clinically. The sample comprised 28 boys and 22 girls. Their ages ranged between 1 and 40 years. We separated the sample into five age groups: 0–5 years, 14 patients; 6–10 years, 22 patients; 11–15 years, eight patients; and older than 16 years, 6 patients. Results Seborrheic dermatitis was the most frequent sign in our study with frequency of 65% followed correspondingly by xerosis, 42%; fissured tongue, 30%; palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, 24%; macroglossia, 20%; and syringomas, 12%. Cheilitis, keratosis pilaris, and premature hair graying had the same overall frequency in the present study, which was 8%. Atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, and geographic tongue had the same overall frequency, which was 6%. Acanthosis nigricans and scabies had the same overall frequency, which was 4%. Skin tags, freckles, trichotillomania, alopecia areata, and acne keloidalis nuchae had 2% overall frequency. Conclusion In conclusion, the lower prevalence of atopic dermatitis in our series was in concordance with its low prevalence reported in recent articles. Improved hygiene owing to patient care at home may underlie the absence of infections among our children. Mucocutaneous findings are commonly seen in DS, although they are usually not serious.

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