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Subject Area

Dermatology

Article Type

Original Study

Abstract

Objective The aim was to evaluate the prophylactic use of topical NSAIDs instead of topical steroids preoperatively and postoperatively to reduce the incidence of macular edema. Background Macular thickening is a postoperative complication following cataract surgery, even with uncomplicated small-incision phacoemulsification surgery. Subclinical cystoid macular edema (CME) is diagnosed with fluorescein angiography as leakage from perifoveal dilated capillaries without visual acuity affection. After uncomplicated phacoemulsification in healthy individuals, the incidence of subclinical CME has been reported to be less than 20%. Patients and methods The study included 75 patients who visited the Outpatient Clinics, previously diagnosed as having cataract between January 2018 and December 2018. The eligible 75 patients were randomly allocated into three equal groups (25 patients each) by using a computer-generated list of random permutations according to the drugs that were used. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the study groups. The preoperative mean of Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 1.56, 1.39, and 1.48 in the control, nepafenac, and dexamethasone groups, and there was no significant difference among them (P = 0.433). Regarding central macular thickness, there was no statistically significant difference between the study groups (P = 0.126). Despite being not statistically different from each other in the preoperative period regarding central macular thickness, there was improvement in the nepafenac and dexamethasone groups when compared with the placebo group at 1-week, 1-month, and 3-month follow-up visits. Conclusion This study revealed the prophylactic effect of topical NSAIDs and steroids in reducing the frequency and severity of CME in patients undergoing cataract surgery.

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