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Subject Area

Pharmacology

Article Type

Original Study

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis (NE) and identify its risk factors among primary school children (6–12 years) in Gharbia Governorate. Background NE is a challenging issue, mostly seen during childhood. However, the exact prevalence is often under-reported. Large epidemiological studies suggested the prevalence rates of 15–20% among children 5 years and older. Participants and methods A case–control cross-sectional study was conducted during the academic year 2017–2018 in Gharbia Governorate primary schools on 510 school students aged 6–12 years. The students were chosen from two schools using multistage random sample. Student's families were asked to complete a predesigned questionnaire. Urine and stool analyses were done. Results The prevalence of NE was 14.3%. The prevalence was slightly higher among boys than girls, with 14.8 and 13.9%, respectively, and it was more common among rural children than urban ones, with 19.1 and 7.5%, respectively. NE prevalence markedly decreases by increase in age. Primary enuresis more than secondary, low socioeconomic standard, low educational level of parents, and family history of NE were the contributing factors of NE among studied children. Deep sleep, constipation, and urinary tract infection were associated with NE. Conclusion Enuresis is a pediatric public health problem that is often associated with young age. It may lead to low self-esteem, some secondary psychological problems, and low school success. Consequently, it is necessary to recommended health promotion and prevention programs that are directed toward the screening, diagnosis, and management of NE among primary school students.

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