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Subject Area

Dermatology

Article Type

Original Study

Abstract

Objective The aim was to identify and differentiate different species of house dust mites (HDMs) from dust samples from different areas in Menoufia Governorate, with preparation of antigen from each HDM identified species for estimation of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and total monoclonal IgE in selected allergic patients. Background The HDMs are considered the commonest sources of airborne allergens worldwide. Diagnosis of HDM allergy is a challenge, which is reflected in the treatment and prophylaxis of allergy. Materials and methods Dust samples were collected from houses in different areas in Menoufia Governorate. Mites were isolated and morphologically classified, and crude antigens were prepared from each identified species. A total of 42 allergic patients were selected, in addition to 10 control healthy individuals. Total and specific HDM monoclonal IgE levels were measured by conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Results Rural areas showed higher density of HDM, with a higher significant difference than urban areas, Melig was the highest infested rural area, with significant difference. The predominant species were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (72.6%), Dermatophagoides farina (51.2%), and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (42.6%). Total monoclonal IgE estimation revealed high levels in all studied patients. D. pteronyssinus antigen showed highly significant difference in diagnosis of 95% of patients with asthma. Moreover, D. farina antigen showed significant difference in diagnosis of 90.9% of patients with atopic dermatitis, whereas T. Putrescentiae antigen showed high rate (72.7%) in patients with atopic dermatitis although insignificant difference in the diagnosis of different allergic patients. Conclusion D. pteronyssinus represented the most common HDM species in dust samples detected in selected areas, whereas D. pteronyssinus and D. farina antigens are the most common sensitizing HDM antigens in the studied patients. The use of these antigens in diagnosis, vaccination, and hyposensitization is recommended.

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