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Subject Area

Pharmacology

Article Type

Review

Abstract

Objective To assess the frequency of breast cancer (BC) among families of diagnosed cases and to determine BC risk factors among the screened relatives. Background BC is the most common malignancy among women. The family history of BC increases the risk of the disease. Screening with mammography reduces BC mortality. Patients and methods The study included 150 women from first-degree and second-degree relatives of diagnosed BC cases attending Oncology Outpatient Clinics, Menoufia University Hospital, during the period from January 2016 to February 2017. The participated relatives were subjected to history taking and clinical breast examination. Sonomammography was done for those aged at least 40 years and those who had clinical findings suspicious for malignancy. Breast biopsy was indicated for mammography results suspicious for malignancy. Results The study revealed that the frequency of BC among screened women was 4.7%. Family history of more than or equal to three diagnosed BC cases, presence of two first-degree relatives diagnosed with BC before the age of 50 years old, age, occupation, residence, obesity, early menarche, menstrual history, and hormonal contraception use for more than or equal to 5 years were identified as the most important BC risk factors. Breastfeeding had protective effect. Conclusion The frequency of familial BC was 4.7%. BC family history among two first-degree relatives diagnosed before the age of 50 years, early menarche, and using hormonal contraception for at least 5 years are strong factors affecting BC risk.

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