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Article Type

Original Study

Abstract

Objectives The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance among adolescents in Menoufia governorate. Background DM is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Type 1 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes during childhood and adolescence. Most cases of type 1 diabetes are due to destruction of the pancreatic β-cells by T-cells (white blood cells concerned with the immune system). Patients and methods This cross-sectional study was carried out on 1150 adolescents in two districts in Menoufia governorate. The participants were subjected to fasting glucose, 2 h-postprandial blood glucose testing, and anthropometric measurements. Results This study showed that 0.6% of the studied adolescents had DM, 4.1% had impaired fasting hyperglycemia, and 2.4% of them had impaired glucose intolerance. Overweight and moderate obesity were found in 25% of the participants and were highly correlated (P < 0.01) to abnormal blood glucose level. Conclusion As diabetes among adolescents is a rising epidemic, this work was carried out on 1150 adolescents in Menoufia governorate to study the epidemiology of DM. The study revealed that 0.6% of the studied group had DM, 4.1% had impaired fasting hyperglycemia, and 2.4% of them had impaired glucose intolerance. Overweight and moderate obesity are major risk factors for abnormal blood glucose level. Excessive and nocturnal urination were the most common symptoms encountered by adolescents suffering from diabetes as 57.1% of diabetic adolescents had either one of them.

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