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Article Type

Original Study

Abstract

Objective The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of proteinuria among type 2 diabetic patients in Menoufia governorate. Background Type 2 diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Microalbuminuria or incipient diabetic nephropathy is one of the initial clinical manifestations of early diabetic nephropathy. Patients and methods A total of 234 type 2 diabetic patients were included in this study; they attended the outpatient clinics of the Family Health Center of «SQ»Kafr Tanbedy«SQ» and Internal Medicine Department of Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, for routine follow-up. Patients were classified according to their urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) as having normoalbuminuria (ACR < 30 mg/g creatinine), microalbuminuria (ACR = 30 to <300 mg/g creatinine), or macroalbuminuria (ACR≥300 mg/g creatinine). The three groups were compared to analyze the association between albuminuria and its risk factors. In addition, independent predictors of albuminuria were determined using multivariate logistic regression and presented as an odds ratio. Results Prevalence of microalbuminuria (incipient diabetic nephropathy) was 34.2% and that of macroalbuminuria (overt diabetic nephropathy) was 12.8% in the studied group. Conclusion The overall prevalence rate of albuminuria was considerably high (47.01%) among the studied diabetic patients. Therefore, regular screening for microalbuminuria is recommended for all diabetic patients, as early treatment is critical for reducing cardiovascular risks and slowing the progression to late stages of diabetic nephropathy (overt proteinuria and end-stage renal disease).

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