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Subject Area

Cardiology and Vascular Medicine

Article Type

Original Study

Abstract

Objective The aim was to identify the risk factors of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Egyptian children. Background ADHD is the most commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder that begins during early childhood. Various psychological, social, genetic, and biochemical factors are thought to be involved in the etiopathogenesis of ADHD. Participants and methods A prospective, randomized comparative study was conducted on 50 children with the diagnosis of ADHD and 35 healthy children as the control group. All patients were selected from those attending the outpatient neurology clinic and those admitted in the Pediatric Department Menoufia University Hospital in the period from October 2017 to March 2018. Full history taking and clinical examination as well as assessment of possible risk factors were done. Results There was a high frequency of ADHD among male children, school aged children living in urban areas, children of low socioeconomic status living with a single parent, large families and in families who have past history of ADHD. ADHD-C is the most predominant type (38%), followed by ADHD-I (34%) and ADHD-HI (28%). ADHD-C and ADHD-HI were found in the men more than women. Also, epilepsy was found in 10% of ADHD. Conclusion There are many factors that are associated with increased possibility of developing ADHD such as male gender, school age, living in urban areas, low socioeconomic status, large families, and families who have a past history of ADHD and children living with a single parent. So, parent training programs should focus on encouraging parents'' positive interaction with their children.

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